16 Oct soil erosion causes
All soils undergo soil erosion, but some are more vulnerable than others due to human activities and other natural causal factors.
There are also several methods used by farmers to reduce soil erosion. Soil erosion is more likely where the ground has been disturbed by agriculture, grazing animals, logging, mining, construction, and recreational activities. Deforestation makes soil cover vulnerable to wind & water erosion. The soil that is most likely to erode is the nutrient-rich topsoil, which degrades the farmland. Humans have taken land from the forest to cultivate in order to feed the ever-increasing population & to build houses, industries, etc. This is geological erosion.. Organic matter binds to soil particles together, which reduces Soil erosion. The soil erosion is enhanced by improper surface drainage, removal of forest litter, overgrazing etc. Such methods contain: (a) Hay farming: This aims to grow grass in rotation with the field crops, which helps in building up the structure of soil, preventing soil erosion and improving its fertility. Bunding protects land from water runoff, & bench terracing recycles organic matter from one terrace to the next. Various Causes of Soil Erosion. In agriculture, soil erosion . Prevention of soil Erosion is also known as conservation of soil. (a) The bare areas of farmland are especially vulnerable to erosion. In some locations, native landscapes, such as forest and grassland, are cleared, exposing the surface to erosion (in some locations the land that will be built on is farmland). A minimum area of forest land for the whole country that is considered healthy for soil & water conservation is between 20 to 25 percent, but it was raised to 33 percent in the second five-year plan; the proportion is 20 percent for the plains & 60 percent for hilly and mountainous regions. Soil Texture: ADVERTISEMENTS: Small grain and open structure soil erodes more than the […] Off-road vehicles disturb the landscape and the area eventually develops bare spots where no plants can grow. Although soil erosion is a natural process, human activities have greatly accelerated it. Mechanical methods: These mechanical methods are used as supplements to biological methods. When strong winds blow, the topsoil along with the organic matter is carried away by the wind. This may be: (a) Channel terrace: To dig channels at suitable intervals & the excavated soil deposited as a wide, low, ridge along, the lower edge of the channel. Water Erosion 2. Constructing buildings and roads churns up the ground and exposes soil to erosion.
Separate grazing grounds should be earmarked & fodder crops should be grown in larger quantities.
The result is less labor & lower costs that increase farmers’ profits. Some, such plants as maize stalks, cotton stalks and etc., are used as a ‘mulch’. Some of the excellent changes suggested in this context are as under: In many parts of India, a particular crop is sown in the similar field year after year.
Logging results in the loss of leaf litter, or dead leaves, bark, and branches on the forest floor. It is one of the major factors responsible for Soil erosion. It involves the activities that can be undertaken to make sure our soils are at their optimum quality and health. Surface mining disturbs the land (Figure 5) and leaves the soil vulnerable to erosion. Figure 5. Crop rotation is effective at enhancing soil structure.
Figure 1.
Water and wind moving across the surface of the soil always carry away some of the soil.If the erosion processes remove top-soil only as rapidly as top-soils formed from the parent material beneath, no harm results. Removal of forest cover which function as a binder of the top layer of the soil with increasing land demand have resulted in enhancing extent of soil erosion. Mulches reduce soil moisture evaporation & increase amount of soil moisture by addition of organic matter to the soil. (b) Gully erosion: This results due to the convergence of some rills towards the steep slope, which form together wider channels of water, known as gullies. Disclaimer 9. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Soil erosion is the global soil degradation problem that causes significant environmental and socio-economic problems (Eswaran et al., 2001; Gomes de Souza et al., 2018;Ighodaro et al., 2013). The tree roots hold the soil together and the tree canopy protects the soil from hard falling rain. (i) Streambank protection: To develop vegetation alongside the river bank, to construct drains, concrete or stone Pitching, etc. If the ground surface is such that rainfall distributes evenly, there is not plenty rainfall, the erosion will be less. Read: Agriculture Soil Testing, Garden Soil Testing Guide. Combining a number of soil conservation practices is often more efficient. The severity of Soil Erosion varies from place to place. Soil erosion is as natural as any other type of erosion, but human activities have greatly accelerated soil erosion. This orients crop furrows to follow the contour lines, thus dropping water runoff during rainstorms. Completed construction can also contribute to erosion (Figure 6).
Some strips may be allowed to lie fallow while in others dissimilar crops may be sown example, grains, legumes, small tree crops, grass, etc. Home soil conservation methods are techniques that can be utilized at home to preserve & improve soil quality. refers to the wearing away of a field’s topsoil by the natural physical forces of water (Figure 1) and wind Image Courtesy : upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Roots_and_Soil_Erosion.jpg. Causes of Soil Erosion. Soil Erosion Causes, Types, Soil Conservation Methods. As mentioned, the predominant causes of soil erosion are either related to naturally-occurring events or influenced by the presence of human activity. Water runoff and rainfall intensity Various crops ripen at different times of the year & are harvested at intervals. Since Europeans settled in North America, about one-third of the topsoil in the area that is now the United States has eroded away. Below are some of the main causes of soil erosion. Content Filtrations 6. (ii) Agrostological methods: Grasses such as Cynodon dactylon are used as erosion resisting stabilizer plants. This checks the speed of water & saves soil from erosion.
Rotation of crops is the system in which a special crop is cultivated on a piece of land each year. Any single conservation practice can considerably decrease soil erosion rates. Contour bunding & bench terracing are effective soil conservation techniques. We’d love your input. Overgrazing is the main hazard affecting pastures, forests, and mountains. Figure 4. Near construction sites, dirt, picked up by the wind, is often in the air. When large areas of the forest are cleared, the topsoil gets eroded by wind & flowing water. Conservation Measures 9. Activities that remove vegetation, disturb the ground, or allow the ground to dry are activities that increase erosion. This is around the rate at which soil can rejuvenate itself. Indiscriminate felling of trees should be stopped & efforts should be made to plant trees in new areas. (c) Bench terrace: To create a number of platforms along contours or suitable graded lines across the slope. 1. 1.
(b) Mulching: It is effective against the wind as well as water erosion. Logging removes trees that protect the ground from soil erosion. Water runs off the parking lot onto nearby lands and speeds up erosion in those areas. Water evaporates speedily leaving behind the salts. Generally, soil erosion is the relocation of the topsoil layer from its original location. (b) Broad-based ridge terrace: To make ridge along both the sides of the channel. Erosion definition. Report a Violation, Soil Erosion: 4 Major Causes of Soil Erosion, Controlling Soil Erosion: 5 Main Techniques that can help in Controlling Soil Erosion, 7 Major Effects of Industries on Environment. Logging exposes large areas of land to erosion. Forms of Water Erosion 3. Privacy Policy 8. Organic farming is totally reliant on green manure, compost, biological pest control, and crop rotation to produce crops, livestock, and poultry. Soil Erosion — Causes and Effects, Order No. The severity of soil erosion is also dependent on the soil type and the presence of vegetation cover. Normally grasses are allowed to graze under suitable climate conditions. Running water is the leading cause of soil erosion, because water is abundant and has a lot of power. (a) Disturbed land at a coal mine pit in Germany. Soil Conservation is the avoidance of soil loss from erosion or reduced fertility caused by over usage, acidification, salinization or other chemical soil contamination. Causes of Soil Erosion: Various agents, like wind, water, deforestation, overgrazing by cattle, and etc., cause soil erosion. The hydraulic pressure caused by heavy rains increases the weight of rocks at cliffs which come under the gravitational force and finally slip or fall off. During heavy rains, soil erosion is …
Fine soil is blown away by wind.
6 Main Causes of Soil Erosion are as follows: Soil erosion is a natural process which occur when there is loss of or removal of top layer of soil to due to rain, wind, deforestation or any other human activity.
In some delicate habitats, even hikers’ boots can disturb the ground, so it’s important to stay on the trail (Figure 7). The various factors of soil erosion are: 1. Man has cut too many jungles, has grazed the grasses excessively, and ploughed the land too often.
Rain garden refers to a small and shallow depression in your yard that you can use to gather stormwater in order for you to grow some wetland crops. They are developed in strips between the crops. Effects of Tillage Erosion 8. Wind is also a leading cause of soil erosion because wind can pick up soil and blow it far away. Rain gardens can prevent soil erosion and provides with an opportunity to grow your own plants.
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