16 Oct one thousand and one nights stories
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When he yet again fails to find the culprit, and bids his family goodbye before his execution, he discovers by chance his daughter has the apple, which she obtained from Ja'far's own slave, Rayhan. Kennedy, Philip F., and Marina Warner, eds. This collection then formed the basis of The Thousand and One Nights. [21], The earliest mentions of the Nights refer to it as an Arabic translation from a Persian book, Hezār Afsān (aka Afsaneh or Afsana), meaning 'The Thousand Stories'. [22] Al-Nadim then writes about the Persian Hezār Afsān, explaining the frame story it employs: a bloodthirsty king kills off a succession of wives after their wedding night; eventually one has the intelligence to save herself by telling him a story every evening, leaving each tale unfinished until the next night so that the king will delay her execution.
[8] Indian folklore is represented in the Nights by certain animal stories, which reflect influence from ancient Sanskrit fables. He goes on to state that many of the stories "are encoded Sufi teaching stories, descriptions of psychological processes, or enciphered lore of one kind or another."[102]. It is often deployed by stories' narrators to provide detailed descriptions, usually of the beauty of characters. Its stories are regularly denounced as vulgar, improbable, childish and, above all, badly written. They each work to bring the best item to the table, including a magic carpet to ride, a magical tube that shows the viewer his deepest wishes, and a healing apple.
One of the tales, "Judar and His Brethren", departs from the happy endings of previous variants and reworks the plot to give it a tragic ending instead, with the younger brother being poisoned by his elder brothers. la 'udtu adhkuru furqatan bilisānī This technique is used in several tales of the One Thousand and One Nights;[62] an example of this is the tale of "The Three Apples" (see Crime fiction elements below). [41] This edition, known as the Leiden text, was compiled in Arabic by Muhsin Mahdi (1984–1994). In 2008 a new English translation was published by Penguin Classics in three volumes. It is often known in English as the Arabian Nights, from the first English-language edition (c. 1706–1721), which rendered the title as The Arabian Nights' Entertainment. When L. Frank Baum proposed writing a modern fairy tale that banished stereotypical elements, he included the genie as well as the dwarf and the fairy as stereotypes to go. The most famous example is Voltaire's Zadig (1748), an attack on religious bigotry set against a vague pre-Islamic Middle Eastern background. [82] The "Third Qalandar's Tale" also features a robot in the form of an uncanny boatman.[92]. "[67], "The Tale of Attaf" depicts another variation of the self-fulfilling prophecy, whereby Harun al-Rashid consults his library (the House of Wisdom), reads a random book, "falls to laughing and weeping and dismisses the faithful vizier Ja'far ibn Yahya from sight. Other writers who have been influenced by the Nights include John Barth, Jorge Luis Borges, Salman Rushdie, Orhan Pamuk, Goethe, Walter Scott, Thackeray, Wilkie Collins, Elizabeth Gaskell, Nodier, Flaubert, Marcel Schwob, Stendhal, Dumas, Gérard de Nerval, Gobineau, Pushkin, Tolstoy, Hofmannsthal, Conan Doyle, W. B. Yeats, H. G. Wells, Cavafy, Calvino, Georges Perec, H. P. Lovecraft, Marcel Proust, A. S. Byatt and Angela Carter. University of Edinburgh", "The Cat and the Moon and Certain Poems by William Butler Yeats", One Thousand and One Arabian Nights Review (1969), The Most Ambitious Movie At This Year's Cannes Film Festival is 'Arabian Nights', "The Arabian Nights: a thousand and one illustrations", Two Years Eight Months and Twenty-Eight Nights, Inscription of Xerxes the Great in Van Fortress, Achaemenid inscription in the Kharg Island, The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=One_Thousand_and_One_Nights&oldid=982965741, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Persian-language text, Articles containing predictions or speculation, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz work identifiers, Wikipedia articles with TDVİA identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, One of the oldest Arabic manuscript fragments from Syria (a few handwritten pages) dating to the early 9th century.
Both the ZER printing and Habicht and al-Najjar's edition influenced the next printing, a four-volume edition also from Calcutta (known as the Macnaghten or Calcutta II edition). They continue this for 1,001 nights. He wrote that he heard them from the Christian Maronite storyteller Hanna Diab during Diab's visit to Paris. تَبْكيــنَ مِـنْ فَـــرَحٍ وَأَحْزانـــــي, Wa-laqad nadimtu 'alá tafarruqi shamlinā Kalilah and Dimnah; or, The fables of Bidpai; being an account of their literary history, Irwin p. 51: "It seems probable from all the above [...] that the Persian.
It is debated which of the Arabic recensions is more "authentic" and closer to the original: the Egyptian ones have been modified more extensively and more recently, and scholars such as Muhsin Mahdi have suspected that this was caused in part by European demand for a "complete version"; but it appears that this type of modification has been common throughout the history of the collection, and independent tales have always been added to it.[38][40]. While in many cases a story is cut off with the hero in danger of losing their life or another kind of deep trouble, in some parts of the full text Scheherazade stops her narration in the middle of an exposition of abstract philosophical principles or complex points of Islamic philosophy, and in one case during a detailed description of human anatomy according to Galen—and in all of these cases she turns out to be justified in her belief that the king's curiosity about the sequel would buy her another day of life. After returning to Baghdad, Ja'afar reads the same book that caused Harun to laugh and weep, and discovers that it describes his own adventures with Attaf. Harun al-Rashid, the caliph in the story, asks the famous writer al-Asma’i and the poet Husayn al-Khali to tell him a story. In a skillfully crafted tale, thematic patterning may be arranged so as to emphasize the unifying argument or salient idea which disparate events and disparate frames have in common. Husayn went inside a house to ask for a glass of water, and there he met a beautiful woman who confessed her love for a young man who used to pass by the house, but stopped when he saw the woman playing with her slave. This page was last edited on 11 October 2020, at 13:01.
[122], Arabian Nights (2015, in Portuguese: As Mil e uma Noites), a three-part film directed by Miguel Gomes, is based on One Thousand and One Nights.[123]. [59] Some of these date back to earlier Persian, Indian and Arabic literature, while others were original to the One Thousand and One Nights. [25], No physical evidence of the Hezār Afsān has survived,[11] so its exact relationship with the existing later Arabic versions remains a mystery. At the same time, some French writers began to parody the style and concoct far-fetched stories in superficially Oriental settings. There is an abundance of Arabic poetry in One Thousand and One Nights. Providing riddles, laying questions, challenges. Part of its popularity may have sprung from improved standards of historical and geographical knowledge. The story is set in a fictional China and begins with a hunchback, the emperor's favourite comedian, being invited to dinner by a tailor couple. In particular, the Arabian Nights tale of "Ali the Cairene and the Haunted House in Baghdad" revolves around a house haunted by jinn. Though invisible, fate may be considered a leading character in the One Thousand and One Nights. The story ends with the king in such disgust at the tale Scheherazade has just woven, that he has her executed the very next day.
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