16 Oct italian wars timeline
In May he arrived in Italy, and then moved north into Germany to raise an army to face Francis, who was campaigning in Hainault. Omissions? In the north a French army under the Count of Nassau captured Guise, but then got stuck outside Peronne and retreated in September. The invaders then took strategic positions around Milan (Monza, Chiaravalle, and San Cristofano), cut off the aqueducts and settled in for a siege. Guillaume de Bonnivet, the Admiral of France, led an army of 1800 lances and 30,000 foot into Italy (Oman, 1987). The German Diet held up the official change-over for a couple of years, but in September 1556 Charles sailed into retirement at Yuste in Spain (where he died on 21 September 1558).
The French defeat at St. Quentin (10 Aug) brings to an end the latest bout of Franco-Spanish conflict (Oman, 1987). The League captured Cremona, but then failed in a second siege of Milan. The Duchy of Milan was also directly tied to the Spanish crown, and was ruled by a governor appointed by the monarch. Italian Wars (jan 31, 1494 – jan 8, 1559) Added to timeline: 16 Oct 2017. Genoa remained independent, although generally allied with Spain. The French were able to capture Dunkirk (30 June), but a Spanish-Netherlands army under Egmont forced them to retreat. List of Prime Ministers of the United States of America (A United Kingdom of Scandinavia). On the night of 23-24 Feb the Imperialist artillery opened up along the line of the Verncula, but this was merely a distraction as the majority of the army silently filed out of camp to the north. I admit it also helped me internalise the lists – understand them better – with a view to perhaps tweaking them in the future. Although Francis would fight another three wars he was never able to gain more than temporary control of Madrid or parts of Savoy and Piedmont. This Imperial victory was followed up by an invasion of the south of France. The war came to an end in 1529 after Francis I's mother Louise of Savoy and Charles V's aunt Margaret of Austria negotiated the Peace of Cambrai (also known as the Ladies' Peace).
Lots of shot, men-at-arms, and light horse. This didn't stop a French invasion of Savoy in which Anne of Montmorency captured Turin and Pinerolo, but the war finally came to an end in November when a wider armistice was agreed. We have some idea of the theoretical organisation of the Spanish colunela, but how did the Spanish colunela deploy in battle? Pope Leo made peace in December 1515, the new King Charles I of Spain (later the Emperor Charles V) made peace in August 1516 and in November the Swiss League agreed an everlasting peace with France (a rare example of a durable treaty from this period, lasting until the French Revolutionary period). Bourbon was killed early in the attack, but the city still fell and was sacked. Charles de Bourbon brought 500 Netherland horse (‘Burgundians’ in comtemporary accounts) and 6,000 Landsknechts under old George Frndsberg across the Alps in January. Warfare erupts again in Italy – between Spanish and French (Taylor, 1993). In February 1513 Pope Julius II died and was replaced by Pope Leo X.
This Anglo-French War ended in 1550, when Henry simply bought Boulogne from the regency government in England. The French gendarmes drove off Gonsalvo’s genitors, the Calabrian Militia panicked, and the Swiss pikemen (apparently) rolled over the lightly equipped Spanish infantry. The terrain placement rules described here borrow heavily from Terrain Cards for a ECW Campaign. Updates? The second phase of the war began in 1501. Emmanuel Philibert of Savoy emerged from the wars with his power enhanced.
After securing the consent of Pope Alexander VI, Louis XII of France and Ferdinand V of Aragon signed the treaty of Granada, whereby they agreed to the conquest and partition of Naples (Oman, 1987, Taylor, 1993). These rules allow randomised terrain for pick up battles in any period. He attempted to retake Metz, but this turned into an epic siege which only ended at the start of 1553.
Round Eight - Fifth Hapsburg-Valois War (1551-59). Finally the Emperor Maximilian had a long-standing grudge against the Republic, claiming Padua, Verona and Friuli, and the right of free passage for Imperial armies heading into Italy. In our recent game of Tilly’s Very Bad Day Chris observed that, as the defender, he could exploit the terrain placement rules to his advantage. He formed an alliance with Sultan Suleiman I the Magnificent, the Ottoman Sultan, and he also arranged alliances with William of Cleves and Christian III of Denmark.
I started this project 20 years ago when I commissioned the Spanish from a professional painting company. I found it a bit odd that pikes avoid fighting shot, in fact everybody avoids fighting shot, and shot don’t really need support by pikes against anything. Francis insisted that the duchy should go to either the Dauphin or the Duke of Orleans, but neither of the elder sons were acceptable to Charles - the Dauphin's health was poor, and so in either case the Duchy was likely to pass to the French throne.
Charles was caught out of place and wasn't able to respond until late in the year. Venice was the most powerful, but began a slow decline. In 1535 Charles launched an invasion of Tunis. Subsequently Spain, the Holy Roman emperor, the pope, Venice signed a treaty in Venice (31 March) to force Charles out of Italy again. The battle of Pavia: The Story of a demonstration game. With the treaty of Lyon (25 Feb) Louis XII was forced to resign his half of Naples ot the Spanish (Oman, 1987), but kept Milan and Genoa for himself (Taylor, 1993). He led his army through the Papal States and began a siege of Civitella.
Round Six - Third Hapsburg-Valois War (1536-38)
The First Italian War or Italian War of Charles VIII was triggered by a French claim to the Kingdom of Naples, which had once been held by an Angevin dynasty. He had failed, but Pope Julius had agreed to restore him to Parma as part of the agreement that led to his election. To its north were the Papal States, a hodgepodge of various types of government, with the Pope as their overlord. Francis was released on the French border on 17 March 1526 and on 22 May he joined the League of Cognac, an anti-Imperial alliance that included Pope Clement, Florence, Venice and even Francesco Sforza, duke of Milan. Ferdinand didn't survive long to enjoy his new throne, dying on 7 September 1496. So how should I arrange my 24 point army lists? Fought largely by France and Spain but involving much of Europe, they resulted in the Spanish Habsburgs dominating Italy and shifted power from Italy to northwestern Europe. Complete Spanish supremacy in Italy was obtained by the Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis (2 Apr), which gave the Two Sicilies and Milan to Philip II (Oman, 1987; Taylor, 1993). The Second Italian War had two phases. On the mainland the largest state was the Kingdom of Naples, ruled by a side-branch of the royal family of Aragon. The best known was Florence, which alternated between Medici rule and Republican rule. This is a timeline of Italian history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Italy and its predecessor states, including Ancient Rome and Prehistoric Italy. The same year saw the Cardinal del Monte elected as Pope Julius III. Philip proved to be an uninspired commander, failing to take full advantage of his position. For further background, see history of Italy and list of Prime Ministers of Italy.
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